to demonstrate the invalidity of an argument

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• Denying the antecedent — Denying the antecedent, sometimes also called inverse error, is a formal fallacy, committed by reasoning in the form: If P, then Q. Not P. Therefore, not Q. Arguments of this form are invalid. Informally, this means that arguments of this form do …   Wikipedia

• Affirming the consequent — Affirming the consequent, sometimes called converse error, is a formal fallacy, committed by reasoning in the form: If P, then Q. Q. Therefore, P. An argument of this form is invalid, i.e., the conclusion can be false even when statements 1 and 2 …   Wikipedia

• Argument form — In logic, the argument form or test form of an argument results from replacing the different words, or sentences, that make up the argument with letters, along the lines of algebra; the letters represent logical variables . The sentence forms… …   Wikipedia

• Preamble to the United States Constitution — We the People redirects here. For other uses, see We the People (disambiguation). United States of America This artic …   Wikipedia

• Sacrifice of the Mass — • The word Mass (missa) first established itself as the general designation for the Eucharistic Sacrifice in the West after the time of Pope Gregory the Great, the early Church having used the expression the breaking of bread (fractio panis) or… …   Catholic encyclopedia

• Continuum fallacy — The continuum fallacy (also called the fallacy of the beard[1], line drawing fallacy, bald man fallacy, fallacy of the heap, and the sorites fallacy) is an informal logical fallacy closely related to the sorites paradox, or paradox of the heap.… …   Wikipedia

• Petrus Alphonsi — (also known as Peter Alfonsi; born Moses Sepharadi) (1062 ndash; 1110) was a Jewish Spanish writer and astronomer, and polemicist, who converted to Christianity. He was physician to King Alfonso VI of Castile.Alphonsi was born at Huesca, Aragon,… …   Wikipedia

• logic, history of — Introduction       the history of the discipline from its origins among the ancient Greeks to the present time. Origins of logic in the West Precursors of ancient logic       There was a medieval tradition according to which the Greek philosopher …   Universalium

• Indian philosophy — Any of the numerous philosophical systems developed on the Indian subcontinent, including both orthodox (astika) systems, namely, the Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Samkhya, Yoga, Mimamsa, and Vedanta schools of philosophy, and unorthodox (nastika) systems …   Universalium

• disprove — disprove, refute, confute, rebut, controvert mean to show or attempt to show by argument that a statement, a claim, a proposition, or a charge is not true. Disprove stresses the success of an argument in showing the falsity, erroneousness, or… …   New Dictionary of Synonyms

• thought — thought1 /thawt/, n. 1. the product of mental activity; that which one thinks: a body of thought. 2. a single act or product of thinking; idea or notion: to collect one s thoughts. 3. the act or process of thinking; mental activity: Thought as… …   Universalium